sphÄ«tÄñ janapadÄá¹s tatra
pura-grÄma-vrajÄkarÄn
kheá¹a-kharvaá¹a-vÄá¹Ä«Å› ca
vanÄny upavanÄni ca
Four verses are connected together with the following general structure; leaving behind the inhabited areas, I continued walking, and saw a large forest. Pura means capital cities. According to Bhrgu:
vipras ca vipra-bhrtyas ca yatra caiva vasanti te |
sa tu grama iti proktah sudranam vasa eva ca ||
That place where brahmanas and their servants live is called grama. It also refers to a living place of sudras.
Vraja means cow sheds. Akaran means mines, from which jewels are dug. Kheta means farming village. Kharvata means villages on the sides of mountains. Or Bhrgu says:
ekato yatra tu gramo nagaram caikatah sthitam |
misram tu kharvatam nama nadi-giri-samasrayam ||
When villages and towns situated on rivers or mountains become mixed together as one it is called kharvata.
Vatih means gardens of flowers and betel. Vanani refers to groups of trees growing together by themselves. Upavanani refers to groups of trees which were planted.