चन्द्रादित्योपरागे च द्वादश्यां श्रवणेषु च ॥२०॥
तृतीयायां शुक्लपक्षे नवम्यामथ कार्तिके ।
चतसृष्वप्यष्टकासु हेमन्ते शिशिरे तथा ॥२१॥
माघे च सितसप्तम्यां मघाराकासमागमे ।
राकया चानुमत्या च मासर्क्षाणि युतान्यपि ॥२२॥
द्वादश्यामनुराधा स्याच्छ्रवणस्तिस्र उत्तराः ।
तिसृष्वेकादशी वासु जन्मर्क्षश्रोणयोगयुक् ॥२३॥
ayane viá¹£uve kuryÄd
vyatÄ«pÄte dina-ká¹£aye
candrÄdityoparÄge ca
dvÄdaÅ›yÄá¹ Å›ravaṇeá¹£u ca
tá¹›tÄ«yÄyÄá¹ Å›ukla-paká¹£e
navamyÄm atha kÄrtike
catasṛṣv apy aá¹£á¹akÄsu
hemante Å›iÅ›ire tathÄ
mÄghe ca sita-saptamyÄá¹
maghÄ-rÄkÄ-samÄgame
rÄkayÄ cÄnumatyÄ ca
mÄsarká¹£Äṇi yutÄny api
dvÄdaÅ›yÄm anurÄdhÄ syÄc
chravaṇas tisra uttarÄḥ
tisṛṣv ekÄdaśī vÄsu
janmarkṣa-śroṇa-yoga-yuk
ayane - on the day when the sun begins to move north, or Makara-saá¹…krÄnti, and on the day when the sun begins to move south, or Karkaá¹a-saá¹…krÄnti; viá¹£uve - on the Meá¹£a-saá¹…krÄnti and on the TulÄ-saá¹…krÄnti; kuryÄt - one should perform; vyatÄ«pÄte - in the yoga named VyatÄ«pÄta; dina-ká¹£aye - on that day in which three tithis are combined; candra-Äditya-uparÄge - at the time of the eclipse of either the moon or the sun; ca - and also; dvÄdaÅ›yÄm Å›ravaṇeá¹£u - on the twelfth lunar day and in the naká¹£atra named Åšravaṇa; ca - and; tá¹›tÄ«yÄyÄm - on the Aká¹£aya-tá¹›tÄ«yÄ day; Å›ukla-paká¹£e - in the bright fortnight of the month; navamyÄm - on the ninth lunar day; atha - also; kÄrtike - in the month of KÄrtika (October-November); catasṛṣu - on the four; api - also; aá¹£á¹akÄsu - on the Aá¹£á¹akÄs; hemante - before the winter season; Å›iÅ›ire - in the winter season; tathÄ - and also; mÄghe - in the month of MÄgha (January-February); ca - and; sita-saptamyÄm - on the seventh lunar day of the bright fortnight; maghÄ-rÄkÄ-samÄgame - in the conjunction of MaghÄ-naká¹£atra and the full-moon day; rÄkayÄ - with a day of the completely full moon; ca - and; anumatyÄ - with a full-moon day when the moon is slightly less than completely full; ca - and; mÄsa-á¹›ká¹£Äṇi - the naká¹£atras that are the sources of the names of the various months; yutÄni - are conjoined; api - also; dvÄdaÅ›yÄm - on the twelfth lunar day; anurÄdhÄ - the naká¹£atra named AnurÄdhÄ; syÄt - may occur; Å›ravaṇaḥ - the naká¹£atra named Åšravaṇa; tisraḥ - the three (naká¹£atras); uttarÄḥ - the naká¹£atras named UttarÄ (Uttara-phalgunÄ«, UttarÄá¹£Äá¸hÄ and Uttara-bhÄdrapadÄ); tisṛṣu - on three; ekÄdaśī - the eleventh lunar day; vÄ - or; Äsu - on these; janma-á¹›ká¹£a - of one's own janma-naká¹£atra, or birth star; Å›roṇa - of Åšravaṇa-naká¹£atra; yoga - by a conjunction; yuk - having.
One should perform the Å›rÄddha ceremony on the Makara-saá¹…krÄnti [the day when the sun begins to move north] or on the Karkaá¹a-saá¹…krÄnti [the day when the sun begins to move south]. One should also perform this ceremony on the Meá¹£a-saá¹…krÄnti day and the TulÄ-saá¹…krÄnti day, in the yoga named VyatÄ«pÄta, on that day in which three lunar tithis are conjoined, during an eclipse of either the moon or the sun, on the twelfth lunar day, and in the Åšravaṇa-naká¹£atra. One should perform this ceremony on the Aká¹£aya-tá¹›tÄ«yÄ day, on the ninth lunar day of the bright fortnight of the month of KÄrtika, on the four aá¹£á¹akÄs in the winter season and cool season, on the seventh lunar day of the bright fortnight of the month of MÄgha, during the conjunction of MaghÄ-naká¹£atra and the full-moon day, and on the days when the moon is completely full, or not quite completely full, when these days are conjoined with the naká¹£atras from which the names of certain months are derived. One should also perform the Å›rÄddha ceremony on the twelfth lunar day when it is in conjunction with any of the naká¹£atras named AnurÄdhÄ, Åšravaṇa, Uttara-phalgunÄ«, UttarÄá¹£Äá¸hÄ or Uttara-bhÄdrapadÄ. Again, one should perform this ceremony when the eleventh lunar day is in conjunction with either Uttara-phalgunÄ«, UttarÄá¹£Äá¸hÄ or Uttara-bhÄdrapadÄ. Finally, one should perform this ceremony on days conjoined with one’s own birth star [janma-naká¹£atra] or with Åšravaṇa-naká¹£atra.
The word ayana means “path†or “going.†The six months when the sun moves toward the north are called uttarÄyaṇa, or the northern path, and the six months when it moves south are called daká¹£iṇÄyana, or the southern path. These are mentioned in Bhagavad-gÄ«tÄ (8.24-25). The first day when the sun begins to move north and enter the zodiacal sign of Capricorn is called Makara-saá¹…krÄnti, and the first day when the sun begins to move south and enter the sign of Cancer is called Karkaá¹a-saá¹…krÄnti. On these two days of the year, one should perform the Å›rÄddha ceremony.
Viá¹£uva, or Viá¹£uva-saá¹…krÄnti, means Meá¹£a-saá¹…krÄnti, or the day on which the sun enters the sign Aries. TulÄ-saá¹…krÄnti is the day on which the sun enters the sign Libra. Both of these days occur only once within a year. The word yoga refers to a certain relationship between the sun and moon as they move in the sky. There are twenty-seven different degrees of yoga, of which the seventeenth is called VyatÄ«pÄta. On the day when this occurs, one should perform the Å›rÄddha ceremony. A tithi, or lunar day, consists of the distance between the longitude of the sun and that of the moon. Sometimes a tithi is less than twenty-four hours. When it starts after sunrise on a certain day and ends before the sunrise of the following day, the previous tithi and the following tithi both “touch†the twenty-four-hour day between the sunrises. This is called tryaha-sparÅ›a, or a day touched by some portion of three tithis.
ÅšrÄ«la JÄ«va GosvÄmÄ« has given quotations from many Å›Ästras stating that the Å›rÄddha ceremony of oblations to the forefathers should not be performed on EkÄdaśī tithi. When the tithi of the death anniversary falls on the EkÄdaśī day, the Å›rÄddha ceremony should be held not on EkÄdaśī but on the next day, or dvÄdaśī. In the Brahma-vaivarta PurÄṇa it is said:
ye kurvanti mahÄ«pÄla
Å›rÄddhaá¹ caikÄdaśī-dine
trayas te narakaá¹ yÄnti
dÄtÄ bhoktÄ ca prerakaḥ
If one performs the Å›rÄddha ceremony of oblations to the forefathers on the EkÄdaśī tithi, then the performer, the forefathers for whom the Å›rÄddha is observed, and the purohita, or the family priest who encourages the ceremony, all go to hell.
