catur-vidhÄ bhajante mÄá¹
janÄḥ suká¹›tino 'rjuna
Ärto jijñÄsur arthÄrthÄ«
jñÄnÄ« ca bharatará¹£abha

 catuḥ-vidhÄḥ - four kinds; bhajante - worship; mÄm - Me; janÄḥ - persons; suká¹›tinaḥ - who have obeyed the principles of human life or the regulative principles of varṇa and ÄÅ›rama; arjuna - O Arjuna; Ärtaḥ - the distressed; jijñÄsuḥ - the inquisitive; artha-arthÄ« - one in need of money; jñÄnÄ« - one pursuing knowledge; ca - also; bharata-ṛṣabha - O best of the Bharata dynasty.


Text

“ ‘O best among the Bharatas [Arjuna], four kinds of pious men render devotional service unto Me — the distressed, the desirer of wealth, the inquisitive and he who is searching for knowledge of the Absolute.’

Purport

This is a quotation from the Bhagavad-gÄ«tÄ (7.16). The word suká¹›tinaḥ is very important in this verse. Su means “auspicious,†and ká¹›tÄ« means “meritorious†or “regulated.†Unless one follows the regulative principles of religious life, human life is no different from animal life. Religious life means following the principles of varṇa and ÄÅ›rama. In the Viṣṇu PurÄṇa it is said:

varṇÄÅ›ramÄcÄravatÄ puruá¹£eṇa paraḥ pumÄn
viṣṇur ÄrÄdhyate panthÄ nÄnyat tat-toá¹£a-kÄraṇam

According to religious life, society is divided into four social divisions — brÄhmaṇa, ká¹£atriya, vaiÅ›ya and śūdra — and four spiritual divisions — brahmacarya, gá¹›hastha, vÄnaprastha and sannyÄsa. One needs to be trained to become a brÄhmaṇa, ká¹£atriya, vaiÅ›ya or śūdra, just as one is trained to become an engineer, doctor or lawyer. Those who are properly trained can be considered human beings; if one is not trained socially and spiritually — that is, if one is uneducated and unregulated — his life is on the animal platform. Among animals there is no question of spiritual advancement. Spiritual life can be attained by proper training — either by following the principles of varṇa and ÄÅ›rama or by being directly trained in the bhakti school by the methods of Å›ravaṇaá¹ kÄ«rtanaá¹ viṣṇoḥ smaraṇaá¹ pÄda-sevanam/ arcanaá¹ vandanaá¹ dÄsyaá¹ sakhyam Ätma-nivedanam. Without being trained, one cannot be suká¹›tÄ«, auspicious. In this verse Kṛṣṇa says that people approach Him when in distress, in need of money or when actually inquisitive to understand the Supreme Being, or the original source of everything. Some people approach Him in the pursuit of knowledge of the Absolute Truth, and others approach Him when they are distressed, like the devotee Gajendra. Others are inquisitive, like the great sages headed by Åšaunaka, and others need money, like Dhruva MahÄrÄja. Åšukadeva GosvÄmÄ« approached the Lord when he pursued knowledge. All these great personalities thus took to the devotional service of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Kṛṣṇa.