Pradyumna (leads chanting, etc.):

anantavijayaṁ raja
kunti-putro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ;
nakulaḥ; sahadevas ca
sughoṣa-maṇipuṣpakau

kasyas ca parameṣvasaḥ;
sikhaṇḍi ca maha-rathaḥ;
dhrṣṭadyumno viraṭas ca
satyakis caparajitaḥ;

drupado draupadeyas ca
sarvasaḥ; prthivi-pate
saubhadras ca maha-bahuḥ;
saṅkhan dadhmuḥ; prthak prthak
[Bg. 1.16-18]

"King Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of Kunti, blew his conchshell, the Anantavijaya, and Nakula and Sahadeva blew the Sughoṣa and Maṇipuṣpaka. That great archer the King of Kasi, the great fighter Sikhaṇḍi, Dhrṣṭadyumna, Viraṭa and the unconquerable Satyaki, Drupada, the sons of Draupadi, and the others, O King, such as the son of Subhadra, greatly armed, all blew their respective conchshells."

Prabhupada: So here Dhrtaraṣṭra is addressed as prthivi-pati, the lord of the world. Prthivi, prthivi means this planet. So five thousand years ago, from the statement it appears that the king of Hastinapura was the emperor of the whole world, prthivi-pati. One king, the whole planet was being governed by one emperor or king, and different parts of the world, other kings, subordinate kings, as they are named here, Drupada, then Viraṭa, Kasya, in different parts of the world they came and joined. And each and every one of them possessed a different kind of bugle, saṅkha. So they declared that now we are ready to fight.

And another significance of this verse is, Yudhiṣṭhira is also described here as raja. In the beginning Sañjaya informed Dhrtaraṣṭra that Duryodhana raja. So actually the fight is between the two kings. One side Duryodhana, another side Yudhiṣṭhira. One may not misunderstand, therefore particularly mentioned kunti-putra, this raja is Kunti's son, kunti-putra. So Drupada, Maharaja Drupada, the father of Draupadi, Draupadi was gained by Arjuna in competition. Draupadi, the daughter of Maharaja Drupada is Draupadi. She is Draupadi. And her sons they are draupadeya.

So the grandfather, the grandsons, all of them were present, because they were allies. Maharaja Drupada happened to be the father-in-law of the Paṇḍavas. Draupadi accepted five husbands. When Draupadi was gained in the competition, they were incognito. The Paṇḍavas were incognito. They were banished for twelve years, and after twelve years, one year they had to live incognito. Nobody would understand where they are living. So they took shelter at the house of Maharaja Viraṭa.

So Viraṭa, at that time this Maharaja Viraṭa's daughter Uttara, was trained by Arjuna for dancing. Arjuna was appointed as a dancing teacher for the daughter of Maharaja Viraṭa, Uttara. So when it was discovered that Arjuna was not a dancing teacher, he was the great hero, Maharaja Viraṭa wanted to offer his daughter, that you marry my daughter, because he was disclosed. So Arjuna said, "How can I marry this girl. I am her teacher. Therefore a teacher is to be considered as father, so it is not possible. So if you like I can get this girl married with my son Saubhadra, Subhadra's son."

Arjuna had another wife Subhadra. That Subhadra, you know, sister of Krṣṇa. Sister of Krṣṇa. So Subhadra, Balarama, elder brother, Krṣṇa, younger brother. Krṣṇa wanted to hand over Subhadra to Arjuna, and Balarama wanted to hand over Subhadra to Duryodhana. So Krṣṇa could not say anything. The elder brother has decided. Therefore Krṣṇa advised Arjuna to kidnap Subhadra. Just see how much Krṣṇa was affectionate to Arjuna that Arjuna liked also to marry Subhadra, and Subhadra also liked, but the elder brother did not agree. So they made a plan that Arjuna kidnap Subhadra.

This kidnapping was allowed among the kṣatriyas, and fight. That is kṣatriya marriage. Unless there is fight, that marriage is not complete. The red vermillion which we apply, that is kṣatriya principle. After killing the opposite party, the blood will be smeared over the hair of the bride. That is conquer, victory. So in every marriage, Krṣṇa had 16,108 wives, and each wife was married by fighting, beginning from Rukmiṇi. Rukmiṇi also, the first wife of Krṣṇa, the first queen, when Krṣṇa became king of Dvaraka, she was the first queen. So Subhadra was kidnapped by Arjuna. Rukmiṇi was settled up to be married with Sisupala. Sisupala also happened to be Krṣṇa's cousin-brother, and Rukmiṇi did not like that she would be handed over to Sisupala. She wanted to marry Krṣṇa. So she sent one letter to Krṣṇa that this is the position. "My brother Rukma, he has decided to hand over to me to Sisupala, but I don't like. So please arrange for kidnapping." A brahmaṇa was sent to Krṣṇa.

That is also another responsibility of kṣatriya. If a girl proposes, "I want to marry you," a kṣatriya cannot refuse, he cannot refuse. He must marry that girl, even at the risk of life. This is kṣatriya spirit. One rakṣasi, she wanted to marry Bhima. So Bhima refused, she was a rakṣasi. So she complained to Maharaja Yudhiṣṭhira that I wanted to marry Bhima but he has refused. And Yudhiṣṭhira Maharaja compelled Bhima, "You must marry. Even though she is rakṣasi, you are kṣatriya you cannot refuse." This was the system, very nice system, brahmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaisya, sudra. Don't work now, you should hear. You cannot divert your attention.

So all these kings on the side of the Paṇḍavas, they were relatives, so they joined. So when they blew their different types of conchshell, then the other side were trembled, "Oh, they have gathered so much strength." Because Duryodhana thought that for, continually for thirteen years Paṇḍavas were banished, so they could not gather any good amount of soldiers. But when they saw that so many kings from different parts of the world have joined them, so they became frightened. That is described in the next verse, sa ghoṣo dhartaraṣṭraṇaṁ hrdayani vyadarayat. They are just like heart-broken: "What is this? They have gathered so much great, great fighters." Nabhas ca prthiviṁ caiva tumulo 'bhyanunadayan. You read this verse.

Pradyumna:

sa ghoṣo dhartaraṣṭraṇaṁ
hrdayani vyadarayat.
nabhas ca prthiviṁ caiva
tumulo 'bhyanunadayan
[Bg. 1.19]

Translation: "The blowing of these different conchshells became uproarious, and thus, vibrating both in the sky and on the earth, it shattered the hearts of the sons of Dhrtaraṣṭra."

Prabhupada: So enemy, when one enemy fights, the other party, well-equipped, strong, so it breaks the heart of the enemy. That happened. So there is nothing to especially... The breaking of the heart by vibrating different types of conchshell from the side of the Paṇḍavas, it broke the heart of the dhartaraṣṭraṇam. Dhrtaraṣṭra, his sons, one hundred sons. So from Dhrtaraṣṭra, Dhartaraṣṭra, dhartaraṣṭraṇaṁ hrdayani vyadarayat. And it resounded both in the sky or on the surface. So I think that's all. (end)

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